A human-centred design approach for the development and conducting of maritime cyber resilience training

Abstract Due to the increase in digitalization on board ships, potential consequences of a cyber-induced incident can threaten safety ships. A known challenge maritime industry is communication between ship owner management onshore and crew ship, especially during handling. To mitigate this issue enhance cooperation digital age, need meet, train for, discuss cyber risks their challenges. One way cohesive teams effective through application human-centred design (HCD) approach holistic team training. This paper proposes how simulator instructors should utilise HCD for development resilience training, tailored variety stakeholders including ship’s support personnel. do this, will explore relevant learning theories current cyber-related training methods. The then demonstrate, practical application, effectiveness adopting when designing argue that simulators present an solution new incidents. authors demonstrate by showcasing ballast water handling system designed simulator. such resource allows all participants experience cyber-attack safe environment whilst enhancing ability respond (i.e. communicate with each other) effectively.